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Religious Studies Research Guide

Religious Studies is an academic discipline dedicated to the critical interpretation of religious phenomena. For the most part, this means that religious doctrines, movements, institutions, etc. are interpreted in relation to their historical, cultural, political, or economic contexts. Scholarship in the field often employs philosophical, psychological, or feminist perspectives as well. Religious Studies tends to be interdisciplinary, interpreting religions through the lens of multiple theoretical perspectives. This research guide lists reference sources (encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.), specialized databases, core journals, and other resources supporting academic research on religious traditions.

See also: Jewish Studies, UCSC Library Wiki (http://ucsclibrary.pbworks.com/Jewish-Studies)



Find Background Information—Reference Materials

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and handbooks are useful for gaining an overview of an unfamiliar subject. Entries in these sources provide concise explanations or definitions of key concepts and technical terminology. Annotated bibliographies offer a comprehensive listing of works about the subject, with a short description of each, as a guide for further research. The library holds many more relevant titles than those listed here, so browsing the shelves near these resources can be an good way to find additional titles.

General Coverage

The Brill Dictionary of Religion
Ref BL31 M4813 2006 and through Gale Virtual Reference Library
"Addresses religion as an element of daily life and public discourse. . . . Addresses the different theologies and doctrines of official institutionalized religions and . . . [m]aps out and defines the networks and connections created by various religions in contemporary societies"

Encyclopedia of Religion
Ref BL31 E46 2005 and through Gale Virtual Reference Library
Articles covering the "important ideas, practices, and persons in the religious experience of humankind from the Paleolithic past to our day"

Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions
Ref BL31 M47 1999
Over 3,500 concise entries providing comprehensive coverage of the world's religions, religious sects, and modern religious movements

Religion & Philosophy
Ref BL51 R347 1992
Collection of e-books searchable as a single database or by title; coverage includes Biblical studies, Church history, Buddhism, Islam, and Judaism


Specific Religions: Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, Daoism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism

Buddhism

Encyclopedia of Buddhism (E.A. Irons, ed.)
Ref BQ128 E53 2008
Focuses on "key individuals, regions, places, and schools; on basic terms that may be useful to readers; and on themes...[that] include art, popular festivals, ecology, the role of women, engaged Buddhism, globalization, sexuality, martial arts, psychology, titles, and war"

Encyclopedia of Buddhism (D. Keown and C.S. Prebish, eds.)
Ref BQ128 E53 2007
"[D]ocuments the history, doctrines, schools, rituals, sacred places, basic ideas and concepts, and globalization of Buddhism"

Encyclopedia of Buddhism (R.E. Buswell, ed.)
Ref BQ128 E62 2004
"Seeks to document the range and depth of the Buddhist tradition.... In addition to feature entries on the history and impact of Buddhism in different cultural regions and national traditions, the work also covers major doctrines, texts, people, and schools of the religion, as well as practical aspects of Buddhist meditation, liturgy, and lay training"


Confucianism

RoutledgeCurzon Encyclopedia of Confucianism
Ref BL1840 R68 2003
"[P]rovides an introduction both to Confucian traditions and to Confucian Studies as an academic discipline;" includes "comprehensive information on the history, doctrines, schools, masters, scholars, rituals, sacred places and terminology of Confucianism"


Christianity

Encyclopedia of Catholicism
Ref BX841 F55 2007
Covers significant individuals, "movements, institutions, practices, and doctrines of Roman Catholicism, from its origins to the present;" includes coverage of current issues such as "the status of women and the struggles over sexual morality, abortion, and euthanasia"

Encyclopedia of Christian Theology
BR95 D5313 2005
Multi-volume, comprehensive work; includes both concise and in-depth articles, covering "the massive amount of discourse and doctrines that Christianity has assembled about God and its experience of God"

Encyclopedia of Christianity (J. Bowden, ed.)
Ref BR95 E47 2005
Single-volume work; includes concise entries as well as in-depth articles; focuses on Christianity "as [it] is to be found today...[including] its geography and its history, its scenery, its peoples and their various beleifs and practices"

The Encyclopedia of Christianity (E. Fahlbusch et al., eds.)
BR95 E8913 1999
Multi-volume, comprehensive coverage; "describes the Christian faith and community as it exists today in its myriad forms and also in relation to the core apostolic tradition throughout the 2,000 years of Christian history"

Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism
Ref BR1640 B35 2004
Includes "entries on individuals, organizations, denominations, theological terms, events, and movements" associated with evangelical Christianity"

The IVP Dictionary of the New Testament
Ref BS2312 I89 2004
Coverage includes comprehensive articles on New Testament books, events, theological topics, and the Jewish and Roman background of the New testament

New Catholic Encyclopedia
Ref BX841 N4 2003
Provides "information on the doctrine, organization, and history of Christianity over the centuries...includ[ing] information about persons, institutions, cultural phenomena, religions, philosophies, and social movements that have affected the Catholic Church from within and without"

The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
Ref BR95 O8 2005
Coverage spans "over nineteen centuries" of Church history, with an emphasis on Western Christianity

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
Ref BR302.8 O93 1996 and through the Oxford Digital Reference Shelf
Multi-volume, comprehensive coverage of the Reformation; "using the broadest possible definition of the Reformation....seeks to do justice to the whole range of events and happenings of the sixteenth century "


Daoism

Historical Dictionary of Taoism
Ref BL1923 P37 1998
The first part is "an extensive introduction that summarizes the historical evolution, basic writings, underlying concepts, and some of the movements;" the second part is a dictionary with "entries on significant persons (emperors, priests, scholars, etc.) and nonpersons (gods and demons), concepts, practices, and rituals, scriptures, and schools"


Hinduism

Encyclopedia of Hinduism (D. Cush, C. Robinson, and M.York, eds.)
Ref BL1105 E53 2008
"...[P]rovides significant information about the elite textual traditions of Hinduism, and covers Hindu traditions 'on the ground' in terms of how they are actually lived. Not only does it treat 'classical' Hinduism, but also many current movements and teachers, including entries on a growing number of women religious leaders and a conscious emphasis on issues relating to gender."

Encyclopedia of Hinduism (C.A. Jones and J.D. Ryan, eds.)
Ref BL1105 J56 2007
"Entries include information on people, major events, festivals, places, temples, and Hindu gods, accompanied by black-and-white photographs. A few entries from Jainism and Sikhism have been included."


Islam

Concise Encyclopedia of Islam
Ref BP40 C66 2001
Focuses on religious and legal aspects of Islam; geographical and historical coverage "includes the old Arabo-Islamic Empire, the Islamic states of Iran, Central Asia, the Indian sub-continent and Indonesia, the Ottoman Empire and the various Muslim states and communities in Africa, Europe, and the former U.S.S.R."

Encyclopaedia of Islam
available through Brill Online
Browsable, searchable online version of the entire text of volumes I to XI and Supplement (Volume XII) of the printed edition

Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an
Ref BP133 E53 2001 and available through Brill Online
Embraces articles on distinguished Muslims of every era and origin, on tribes and dynasties, on crafts and sciences, on political and religious institutions, on the geography, ethnography, flora and fauna of the various countries and on the history, topography and monuments of the major towns and cities; in its geographical and historical scope, encompasses the old Arabo-Islamic empire, the Islamic countries of Iran, Central Asia, the Indian sub-continent and Indonesia, as well as the Ottoman Empire and all other Islamic countries

Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
Ref BP40 E525 2004 and through Gale Virtual Reference Library
"[L]ooks at Islam's role in the modern world, doing so in the context of the religion's history and development over the last 13 centuries....Contain[s] thematic articles, biographies of key figures, definitions, illustrations, [and] maps"

Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States
Ref BP67 U6 E53 2007
"[D]raws on religious, cultural, social, and political perspectives on Islam in America. It considers history, descriptions of religious practices, ideas, theories, portraits of major intellectual, religious, and political figures among American Muslims, and the influences of domestic and international politics"

Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures
Ref HQ1170 E53 2003 and through Brill Online
Searchable and browsable site that brings together over 1,000 scholars to write critical essays on women, Muslim and non-Muslim and Islamic cultures in every region where there have been significant Muslim populations; aims to cover every topic for which there is significant research, examining these regions from the period just before the rise of Islam to the present

Islam in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives
BP161.3 I74 2004 and through ABC-CLIO eBooks
A collection of essays focusing on contemporary forms of Islam in Turkey and the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, China, Indonesia, Ethiopia, South Africa, and the United States

A Popular Dictionary of Islam
Ref BP40 N48 1992
Surveys and introduces "diverse aspects of Islam's...ritual, theology, philosophy, law, history, art and architecture"


Judaism

Encyclopaedia Judaica
Ref DS102.8 E496 2007 and through Gale Virtual Reference Library
"Provides an exhaustive and organized overview of Jewish life and knowledge from the Second Temple period to the contemporary State of Israel, from Rabbinic to modern Yiddish literature, from Kabbalah to 'Americana' and from Zionism to the contribution of Jews to world cultures"

The Encyclopaedia of Judaism (J. Neusner, A.J. Avery-Peck, and W.S. Green, eds.)
Ref BM50 E53 2000
"[P]rovides a full and reliable account of the religion . . . beginning in ancient Israelite times and extending to our own day," including Judaism's "history, literature, beliefs past and present, observances, practices and world-view, and place in the context of society and culture"

Encyclopedia of Judaism (S.E. Karesh and M.M. Hurvitz, eds.)
Ref BM50 K37 2006
"[P]rovides easy access to the theological concepts, personalities, historical events, institutions, and movements that helped to shape Judaism and the way it is practiced today"

The New Encyclopedia of Judaism
Ref BM50 E63 2002
Coverage includes "liturgical aspects of Judaism," women and Judaism, "biographical entries on the talmudic sages...entries on later rabbinical authorities, as well as on biblical, hasidic, academic, and popular figures...Biblical and Second Temple history," Zionism, and the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
Ref BM50 O94 1997
Covers "significant elements and biographies related to the Jewish religion and interfaith relations," including "entries on . . . feminism, women, and 'Technology and Halakhah,'" Jewish traditions such as Bene Israel and Beta Israel, and "innovations [such] as Havurot, confirmations, and the Bat Mitzvah"


Special Topics

American Indian Religious Traditions: An Encyclopedia
Ref E98 R3 C755 2005 and through ABC-CLIO eBooks
Articles on American Indian religious traditions with an emphasis on sensitivity to "the political and ethical concerns of the Native communities"; includes chapter-length coverage of some topics

Cults: A Reference Handbook
Ref BL2525 L486 2005 and through ABC-CLIO eBooks
Begins with an introductory essay on the nature and meaning of cults and an historical discussion of attitudes about cults; includes a time-line of important events, court decisions and legislative actions concerning cults, primary source documents, biographical sketches, and entries about specific organizations

Death and the Afterlife: A Cultural Encyclopedia
Ref GT3150 T25 2000 and through ABC-CLIO eBooks
Global coverage of "traditions around the world related to death and the hereafter...attempts to draw out the underlying meaning of funeral and afterlife traditions"

Encyclopedia of Fundamentalism
Ref BL238 E63 2001
A single-volume work "cover[ing] six major topics: fundamentalism in its religious context; major events in the history of fundamentalism; primary beliefs and institutions; major movements, sects and churches; perspectives on political and social issues; and individuals central to these movements"

Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements
Ref BL31 E453 2006
A single-volume work "with entries on over three-hundred movements from almost every country worldwide. Coverage includes neo-traditional movements as well as movements that derive from the major religions of the world"

Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion
Ref BL65 P7 E53 2007
"[S]eeks to combine discussions of broad themes with those on specific religions, individuals, geographical regions, institutions, and events"

The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
Ref BL31 E465 2005
Multi-volume work adresssing "the relationships between human beings, their diverse religions, and the Earth's living systems"

Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
Ref BL60 E53 1998
"[A]ttempts to bring together in a single-volume compendium a state-of-the-art summary of the insights gained by the principal social sciences of religion: anthropology, psychology, and sociololgy"

Encyclopedia of Religion and War
Ref BL80.3 E53 2004
Single-volume work "provid[ing] authoritative and cross-cultural information . . . [on] war and other forms of political violence in the major religions of the world. It also covers violent religious conflict in different regions, particular religious movements, and religious wars"

Encyclopedia of Religion, Communication, and Media
Ref P94 E48 2006
Single-volume work that "combines information about the intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, and societal levels of communication...." Entries address such topics as "communication between individuals and deity," communication within ritual, communication within denominations, and "media . . . in religious worship"

Encyclopedia of Religion in American Politics
Ref BL2525 E52 1999
Single-volume work with entries covering "religious leaders ... significant historical events, court cases, concepts, and specific denominations and sects. Longer entries address some of the key issues that face religion in politics in the U.S. ... like abortion, free exercise, and separation of church and state;" includes an appendix of important primary source documents

Encyclopedia of Science and Religion
Ref BL240.3 E53 2003 and through Gale Virtual Reference Library
"[A]ddresses all aspects of the dialogue between the sciences and the world's religions, reaching into the humanities as well as into the physical sciences and technology. Examines controversial issues such as human cloning and stem cell research along with more traditional questions such as the origins of life, the nature of sin, and the philosophy of science and religion"

Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America
Ref BL458 E52 2006 and through Gale Virtual Reference Library
"Comprehensive, descriptive and analytical reference on women and religion in North America"

The Encyclopedic Sourcebook of New Age Religions
Ref BP605 N48 E53 2004
"[B]rings together . . . scholarship on the New Age movement" including"chapters on specific organizations influenced by the New Age movement . . . [and] the movement's historical roots. . . . [P]resents selections from some of the more important hisorical movements that directly influenced the New Age movement plus a selection of the literature from contemporary spiritual groups"

Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives
BP605 N46 M63 2005 and through ABC-CLIO eBooks
A collection of essays that “addresses the development in both Europe and North America of religious movements dedicated to reviving the polytheistic, nature-worshipping pagan religions of pre-Christian Europe and adapting them for the use of people in modern societies”

The Religious Right: A Reference Handbook
Ref BR526 U88 2007
Includes a general essay on the religious right in America, a chronology of important events, biographical profiles of signficant individuals associated with the religious right, survey data, primary documents and quotations, a directory of organizations, suggestions for further reading, and a list of multimedia resources

Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture
available through ABC-CLIO eBooks
Focuses on "contemporary images of the Devil;" some attention given to "devils and hells found in world religious traditions," "fallen angels," and "certain topics from older Western folklore about Satan and witches"

Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture
Ref GN475.8 S445 2004 and through ABC-CLIO eBooks
Coverage includes "considerations of the earliest indications of shamanism in rock art, of early historical writings that portray various aspects of shamanistic worship and practice, of later manifestations attested to by European and Russian ethnographers, and of current research in the field all over the world"

Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices
ebook available through Gale Virtual Reference Library
"[P]rovides information on current religious practices around the world with an emphasis on how religions impact the daily lives of their followers"


Find Journal Articles

NOTE: All online resources are available by connecting to the library's Articles & Databases page (http://library.ucsc.edu/find/databases). Search for databases by title, subject, or type. If a citation does not include a direct link to the full text of an article, select the UC-eLinks icon. UC-eLinks will provide links to online text when available, the call numbers for print copies of journals, and forms for requesting items through interlibrary loan if UCSC does not own the journal. See Use UC-eLinks (http://library.ucsc.edu/help/howto/use-uc-elinks) for more information.

ATLA Religion Database
The ATLA Religion Database is a searchable index of journal articles, book reviews, and collections of essays in all scholarly fields of religion. Subjects include church history, theology, the Bible, and world religions. Covers: 1949–present.

ASCC (Academia Sinica Computing Center Electronic Resources)
Chinese full-text database for hundreds of works in history (including history of Taiwan), classics, religion, medicine, literature, law, etc. Chinese input software required to search.

EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete
Contains citations for articles in popular magazines and scholarly journals in the humanities, social sciences, and general sciences. Many records have abstracts and full text. Covers: 1980-present.

Evans Digital Edition: Early American Imprints, Series I
Searchable and browsable database of primary documents from American history. Subjects include agriculture, foreign affairs, literature, music, religion, the Revolutionary War, temperance, and witchcraft. Most documents are available online as scanned images. Covers: 1639–1800.

Everyday Life and Women in America
This searchable and browsable digital collection is a resource for the study of American social, cultural, and popular history, providing access to rare primary source material from the Sallie Bingham Center for Women's History, Duke University and The New York Public Library. It comprises thousands of images (alongside transcriptions) of monographs, pamphlets, periodicals and broadsides addressing 19th- and early 20th-century political, social and gender issues, religion, race, education, employment, marriage, sexuality, home and family life, health, and pastimes.

FRANCIS
Citations to works on religion, the history of art, social sciences, economics, and literature. French database, searchable in French and English. Abstracts are in the same language as the cited resource. Covers: 1984–present.



Find Core Journals

NOTE: All of the journals listed here are indexed in the ATLA Religion Database; these are only a few of the religion-related journals—in print and online—in the library's collection.

Faith And Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers
BR100 F32 and online
Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period
available online
Method & Theory in the Study of Religion
BL1 M48 and online
First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life
available online
Journal of Early Christian Studies
available online
Modern Judaism
BM195 M63 and online
History of Religions
BL1 H5 and online
Journal of Islamic Studies
DS35.3 J68 and online
Religion
available online
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion
BL51 A1 I5 and online
Journal of the American Academy of Religion
available online
Religious Studies
BL1 R43 and online
International Journal of Hindu Studies
available online
The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies
BQ2 I55a
Studies in World Christianity
available online




Find Books

CRUZCAT (http://cruzcat.ucsc.edu) is UCSC's online library catalog. It includes books, periodicals, maps, videos, government publications, CDs, music scores, and other materials located in both McHenry and Science & Engineering libraries. CRUZCAT does not include the text of journal articles.

The Melvyl union catalog (http://melvyl.cdlib.org/) contains the holdings of the libraries of all ten UC campuses. It also has links to request items UCSC does not own through interlibrary loan.

Try the following Library of Congress subject headings to find books in religious studies.

Anthropology of religion Psychology and religion Religion and state
Cults Religion Religions
Church and state Religion and politics Religious fundamentalism
Goddess religion Religion and science Rites and ceremonies
Nature--Religious aspects Religion and sociology Women and religion



Find Websites

NOTE: If you are using a web site or web page as a possible source of information, evaluate the reliability of the source by applying the criteria listed on the library's guide to evaluating information on the Web. (http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/evaluate.html).

General Directories

Librarians' Internet Index: Religion (http://lii.org/pub/topic/religion)
A "best of the Web" directory of Web sites selected by librarians

Religion Explorer (http://www.religionexplorer.com/)
Directory of web sites related to religions as well as news headlines on religious topics (see the "News" tab)

Religious Resources: A Directory of Internet Resources for All Major Religions (http://www.religiousresources.org/)
Broad coverage of religions with an emphasis on Christian resources

Religious Worlds (http://www.religiousworlds.com/index.html)
A directory of web pages organized by religion and by religious themes (religion and film, religion and science, etc.)

Virtual Religion Index (http://virtualreligion.net/vri/)
A comprehensive index of Web sites pertaining to specific religions, Religious Studies, and related themes (such as ethics, psychology of religion, philosophy and theology, etc.)

Wabash Center Internet Guide to Religion (http://www.wabashcenter.wabash.edu/resources/guide_headings.aspx)
"A selective, annotated guide to a wide variety of electronic resources of interest to those who are involved in the study and practice of religion: syllabi, electronic texts, electronic journals, Web sites, bibliographies, liturgies, reference resources, software, etc."


World Religions

ReligionFacts (http://www.religionfacts.com/index.html)
"[A]rticles on a wide variety of world religions, both ancient and modern, as well as 'ways of life,' philosophies and mind-body teachings, and even some anti-religion systems like ancient Epicureanism and modern atheism"

Overview of World Religions (http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/)
Articles on world religions organized by tradition and geographic region


Primary Sources

Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Religious Texts (http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/)
A compilation of searchable Jewish and Islamic religious texts

Christian Classics Ethereal Library (http://www.ccel.org/)
Writings by the Church Fathers and other classic Christian writings

Internet Sacred Text Archive (http://www.sacred-texts.com/index.htm)
An extensive collection of scriptures from the world's religious traditions

From Primitives to Zen (http://mircea-eliade.com/from-primitives-to-zen/)
Mircea Eliade's anthology of primary source writings organized by theme ("Gods, Goddesses and Supernatural Beings," "Myths of Creation and Origin," "Death, Afterlife and Eschatatology," etc.)


Statistics

adherents.com (http://www.adherents.com/)
"[A] growing collection of over 43,870 adherent statistics and religious geography citations"

The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life (http://religions.pewforum.org/reports)
"[S]tatistics on religion in America . . . explor[ing] the shifts taking place in the U.S. religious landscape"


Western Religions

Islam and Islamic Studies Resources (http://www.uga.edu/islam/)
Information for the study of Islam, Qur'an, hadith, the Sunnah, Shi'ism and Heterodox Movements, Islam in the modern world, militant Islam, jihad, Islamist or extremist Muslims, terrorism, etc.

iTanakh: Resources for Academic Study [of the Hebrew Bible](http://www.itanakh.org/)
A directory of internet resources relevant to the academic study and teaching of the Hebrew Bible

The Jewish History Resource Center (http://www.dinur.org/1.html?rsID=219)
Over 5000 links to websites in 25 categories dealing with Jewish History

K. C. Hanson's HomePage (http://www.kchanson.com/)
Resources, articles, links, etc. relevant to the Ancient Near East and the study of the Bible

NT Gateway (http://www.ntgateway.com/)
Award winning web directory of internet resources on the New Testament


Philosophy of Religion

Philosophy of Religion (http://www.philosophyofreligion.info/)
Concise explanations of classic arguments in the philosophy of religion, including arguments for the existence of God, arguments for agnosticism, and arguments for atheism

PHILTAR: Philosophy, Theology, and Religion (http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/)
Select the "Philosophy" link for articles on Chinese Philosophy, Indian Philosophy, and Islamic Philosophy



Style Guides

How to Use the MLA Style Guide (http://library.ucsc.edu/help/howto/use-mla-citation-style)

How to Use the Chicago Style Guide (http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html)

How to Use the APA Style Guide (http://library.ucsc.edu/help/howto/use-apa-citation-style)

The SBL [Society of Biblical Literature] student supplement to the Handbook of Style (http://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/SBLHS_SS92804_Revised_ed.pdf)


Direct questions, suggestions, or feedback to Randall Studstill at randallstudstill(at)yahoo.com. Updated April 15, 2010.

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